Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: İsmail Özsoy Author-Email: iozsoy@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Maya Kubetova Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: The Development of Business Sector in Georgia Abstract: The article is about the development of business sector in Georgia. It consists of the wide range of information on the business environment in Georgia. Here, we would like to mention that while obtaining the information and writingthis article, we focused on the importance of development of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) that make important contributions to economic and social development and are usually responsible for the majority of jobs created. We also indicated the steps that had been taken by the Georgian government after it became an independent republic. Actually, in Georgia many micro businesses and self- employed persons still operate outside the "formal" sector and therefore one of the major challenges to government is to encourage entrepreneurs to engage in legitimate activity. Classification-JEL: M21, M29 Keywords: Georgia, SMSs, small business/enterprise, privatization, entrepreneurship Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 1-14 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/1/1 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:1-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tatiana Papiashvili Author-Email: t.papiashvili@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: İlyas Çiloğlu Author-Email: ilyas_c@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Faruk Gürsoy Author-Email: fgursoy@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Macroeconomic Policy: Going back to Origins? Abstract: Decline in public interest to "pure" economic theory is disturbing fact. This paper considers the main macroeconomic hypothesis through their implementation in practice - macroeconomic policies in the USA, in post-soviet countries (Russia and Georgia) and Turkey as well. Stabilization policy of these countries experiences that governments combine keynesian discretionary policy and classical rules. The so-called economic stabilization programs for Russia, Georgia and Turkey sponsored by the IMF have led to absolutely different and not always positive results. In particular, Russia overcame recession and financial crises of 1998 without IMF loan. Georgia now is looking for the new program. The programs were faulted because they did not take into consideration all peculates of post-communist economies. Most successful this program was in Turkey that has achieved macroeconomic stability and high rate of growth. Classification-JEL: E61, E65 Keywords: Macroeconomic Policy, IMF Policy, Georgia, Turkey, Russia Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 15-21 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/2/2 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:15-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ali Rıza Apil Author-Email: alirizaapil@ibsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Foreign Product Perceptions and Country of Origin Analysis across Black Sea:Studies on Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia and Turkey Abstract: The research aims to join the limited knowledge about COO perceptions of Black Sea regional consumers with the examples of the selected countries. Studies on foreign product perceptions are still scarce about this region. In the consequences of radical reforms to adopt free market system, consumers are exposed to a large variations of imported products more than ever before. Lack of consumer experience of particular products and inadequate product information and their producers resulted in the perception of the product's country-of-origin (COO) as the most important cue to assess the quality. This study analyses approaches toward foreign products, country of origin effect and the ethnocentric behavior of consumers of the selected countries. The study is a literature review of related studies in Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia and Turkey. Classification-JEL: M31, M39 Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Country of Origin, Ethnocentrism, Developing Countries, International Marketing, BSEC, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia, Turkey Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 22-38 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/3/3 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:22-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lutflu Sagbansua Author-Email: lutsua@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Ataturk Alatoo University Title: Banking System in Kyrgyz Republic Abstract: This paper examines the overall banking system and the basic banking system development factors such as internet banking and deposit insurance in the world and particularly in Kyrgyzstan. The analyses show that progress in banking reform, introduction of deposit insurance and internet banking concepts are essential for avoiding harmful problems, development stable and solvent banking system. These developments include the more effective regulation of the entry and exit of banks, removal of obstacles to the expansion of foreign-owned banks and the transfer of technology and banking skills that expand access to finance, particularly by small and medium-sized enterprises. Classification-JEL: G20, G21 Keywords: Banking, deposit insurance, Kyrgyzstan. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 39-53 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/4/4 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:39-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Metin Mercan Author-Email: metinmercan@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Banking Reform in Georgia Abstract: Georgia's banking system restructure began in 1991 when Soviet Union collopsed.This paper tries to compare and constract the performance of banks and banking system between 1999 and 2004 with banks in other transition countries.Although Georgia banking system showed a long processing in banking sector, it is still lags behind other transition countries Central and Eastern Europe. Neverthless.An efficient financial institution and performance will not come without further economic development and reform of regulation and increase in people's confidence in the financial system as a whole. Classification-JEL: G21, G28 Keywords: Transition economies, Banking, Financial reform Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 54-66 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/5/5 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:54-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tea Kbiltsetskhlashvili Author-Email: teakbilts@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: The Role of Euro in the International Monetary System Abstract: The introduction of the euro at the beginning of 1999 promised to mark a turning point in the international monetary system. It is often compared with the transformation of the international monetary system in the early 1970s from the system of fixed exchange rates endorsed at the Bretton Woods conference to the regime of managed flexible exchange rates. But in fact its significance is deeper. Dollar was the dominant currency. The introduction of the euro, on the other hand, challenged the status of the dollar and alter the power configuration of the system. For this reason the introduction of the euro is the most important development in the international monetary system since the dollar replaced the pound sterling as the dominant international currency. The introduction of the euro is undoubtedly the most profound change in the international monetary system since the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1973. It is therefore understandable that a great deal of interest is being shown in the prospective role of the euro as an international currency . It have taken some time for traders, investors, analysts and other financial market agents to become accustomed to a new currency and decide on the weight which they will assign to it for various purposes. Classification-JEL: E51, E52, E59 Keywords: investment Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 67-73 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/6/6 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:67-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: İsmail Özsoy Author-Email: iozsoy@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Salavat Sayfullin Author-Email: ssalavat@ibsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Banking: Past and Present Abstract: The paper presents the evolution of the banking through out history to modern days. The roots of banking reviewed and the changes are expressed. Reasons for bank evolution is presented and first banking operations are described. The difference between past and present is traced out. Classification-JEL: G21, G28 Keywords: Banking, ancient banking, modern banking, deposits, loan. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 74-85 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/7/7 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:74-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malkhaz Chakhnashvili Author-Email: polkovnik_52@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Classification of Social Management Abstract: Social management is an order of co-existence of people and exclusive type of joint activity, which is carried out with the help of managerial system to achieve publicly essential goals. An individual has to enter into communication with other individuals to realize his own interests. Mutual interactions among people always implies mutual comparison of interests and obedience to the certain rules, established by the state bodies, public and religion organizations, natural and legal persons. Social management, exercised by managerial systems is an indication of society of great importance. In the theory of administrative law only tree types of social management is distinguished, while it can be classified on the ground of different aspects. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Managerial system, social relations, social management, state government Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 86-90 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/8/8 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:86-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malkhaz Chakhnashvili Author-Email: polkovnik_52@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Managerial Relations and the Subjects. Executive Government Abstract: Social relationships and everyday interactions among individuals, natural and legal persons are held with the help of different types of social management. Variety of social management is based on the classifications of managerial relations. Executive government with its system, indications and prescribed obligations is very important, but only one type of state government. In modern Georgia administrative law state government and executive activity of state bodies have identical essence, because in both cases it concerns with managerial interactions between subjects of law. Government (management) is the method of achievement of final goals, used by every branch of state authorities to regulate, carry out and protect social relations by means of laws and by-law. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Managerial relations, system of management, state government, executive government, subjects of executive government. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 91-102 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/9/9 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:91-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zafer Süslu Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Georgia at a Glance; Abkhazian and South Ossetian Conflict Abstract: In modern world ethnic conflict has become one of the biggest problems of the contemporary life. In order to understand ethnic conflict we should understand the difference between nationality and ethnicity. One of the bloody and violent so called ";ethnic"; conflicts of 20 century were two conflicts on Georgian territory, these were conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Solutions must be found in order to avoid the conflicts in the future throughout the world. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Conflict, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Georgia, Nationality,Ethnicity. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 103-107 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/10/10 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:103-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giuli Alasania Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Women in Georgia Abstract: The paper deals with a role of women in Georgia since the old ancient times up today. Trend of gender equality is revealed on concrete examples, proceeding from the evidences of the relevant sources. Share of women in all kinds of activities in modern Georgia, correlation between emancipation of Georgia and emancipation of women, advantage and disadvantage of the leader and Georgian peculiarities in this term are studied. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: gender, equality, election, education, employment, unemployment Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 108-116 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/11/11 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:108-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giuli Alasania Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Twenty Centuries of christianity in Georgia Abstract: The paper traces history of spreading Christianity in Georgia since the 1st century AD, showing its significance for making the Georgian nation. Based on historic sources the story includes the legends linked to the process. Taking into consideration scholarly literature the paper dates proclaiming Christianity in Georgia back to 326, considering the issue of autocephalous movement of the Georgian Church. History of the Georgian Church embraces contribution of the leaders in the different times. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 117-129 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/12/12 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:117-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tamara Shioshvili Author-Email: tshioshvili@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: New Approach in Multiculturalism in the USA Abstract: The face of America has been dramatically changed in the last decades of the 20th century. In 1960s and 1970s a new generation of scholars started to destroy the myth of exceptionalism. The hostility to exceptionalism remains, while we observe a step from exceptionalism to transnationalism, which carries the multicultural impulse to an international plane. It accentuates fundamental differences between cultural groups. Transnational Approach to multiculturalism is important as well as advantageous for Georgians. Since ethnicity has become the focal point for the scholars of American Studies, we hope Georgian immigrants will well preserve their language, culture for their posterity and at the same time introduce it to Americans. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: multiculturalism, cosmopolitan, diversity. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 130-133 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/13/13 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:130-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ketevan Sikharulidze Author-Email: ksikharulidze@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Cult service tradition in Georgia Abstract: The article deals with the cult service in Georgia, which was established in ancient era. We have not written sources, but oral folklore and ethnographic materials contain information about worshipping of divinities and some ritual actions. It seems that oldest system was worshipping of chthonic divinities and it forms the divine hierarchy in archaic religious system. So in the ritual practice of Georgians cultivation o9f land was the main element. It promoted the religious picture and ritual practice in Georgia. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: culture, georgia, cult service Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 134-137 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/14/14 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:134-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nino Kirvalidze Author-Email: ninokirvalidze@hotmail.com Title: The Author’s Modality and Sctratificational Structure of a Literary Text in Modern English Abstract: Any literary text irrespective of its genre or trend represents a unique and aesthetic image of the world, created by the author according to his communicative intention and his subjective modality. Hence, the subjective is the organizing axis of a literary work, for, in expressing his vision of the world, the author represents reality in the way that he considers to be most fitting. The interaction and co-existence of subjective and objective factors find their realization in the stratificational structure of the text, i.e. in its multi-layered constitution. The interdisciplinary methodology of research, employed in the article involves some essential data of the theory of literature, linguo-stylistics, text interpretation and linguo-pragmatics. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 138-143 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/15/15 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:138-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Şaban Çepik Author-Email: scepik@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Positive, Neutral, Negative Evaluation in Connotation Abstract: The article focuses on evaluation-type connotation, expressed by a theoretically triple opposition (positive neutral negative, as in plump+, stout neut, obese -) which is more often represented by only two members (as in dismiss neut fire -), though even cases with no opposition can be spoken about (e.g., bald -). Though to speak about connotative opposition we basically need denotative synonyms (like high-flown +?? "pompous" -), words like "warm" + and "cold" (especially in metaphoric meanings) may be viewed as both denotative and connotative antonyms. As evaluation depends on taste, it is subjective (depending on historic period, personality of the speaker, situational and linguistic context) and therefore difficult to study or teach. This situation, anyway, should not prevent researchers and language teachers from its careful treatment as ignorance of connotation on the language users' part may cause serious problems in communication Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 144-147 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/16/16 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:144-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lamara Kadagidze Author-Email: L.Kadagodze@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Different Types of Listening Materials Abstract: Listening texts can be classified according to the contents, complexity, authenticity, sphere, theme, quantity, etc. The linguistic and thematic level of listening input and its adequacy to general teaching purposes or concrete goals of each lesson are defined by a sort of criteria. The main language and content elements of the particular listening text mostly provide the style and type of working on it, though this does not exclude the general approach. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 148-154 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/17/17 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:148-154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gulnara Diasamidze Author-Email: gulnaradiasamidze@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Gulnara Alakhverdova-Tanrikulu Author-Email: Title: Elocutional Force of Expression in Speach Abstract: The problem of indirect speech acts is tightly connected with the problem of illocative strength of expression. The problem is how to make possible understanding of indirect speech act by a hearer, when hearable and understandable means something more. Analysis of illocative strength of expression showed that the same speech act can be realized by means of some different sentences. The direct meaning of sentences is the element of language system, as the language is included into the sphere of a human activity, so the speech act is necessary to consider in more wide context. The main function of an interrogative sentence is the expression of question. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 155-160 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/18/18 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:155-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenan Kapukaya Author-Email: kapukaya72@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Enjoyable Vocabulary Teaching and Learning with Cultural Differences Abstract: Language learners have to learn sufficient quantity of words to communicate by using the target language, but learning vocabulary is not easy at all. It is essential that learners motivate themselves and pay a lot of attention to the words. This can be done by comparing cultural differences in a context or using the words in sentences, the meanings of which reveal different application of cultural values. For culture is what shapes our behaviour in life, they represent the way we are. So that utterances, statements, sentences which have something to do with our culture or foreign cultures are very likely to attract our attention and motivate us. In fact, by speaking about cultural differences, we give life to vocabulary in class settings. Students are able to learn the meanings of words by actually living them. So that it is not only learning some words but also dealing with different understandings and applications of life as well. These differences can be acted out, discussed, written, or drawn. In any case, students find themselves in an atmosphere where learning is not dull and boring, but pleasant and enjoyable. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: vocabulary, cultural differences, multiculturalism, ELT methods, EFL, ESL. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 161-166 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/19/19 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:161-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D.M. Israfilov Author-Email: mdaniyal@balikesir.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Balikesir University Author-Name: Vakhtang Kokilashvili Author-Email: kokil@rmi.acnet.ge Author-Workplace-Name: A. Razmadze Mathematical Institute Georgian Academy of Sciences Author-Name: I.E. Yıldırım Author-Email: yildirir@balikesir.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Balikesir University Title: On the Mean Summability by Cesaro (C,a) and Abel-Poisson Methods of Trigonometric Fourier Series in the Weighted Lorentz Spaces Abstract: In the paper the classical results on the mean convergence and summability of trigonometric Fourier series are extended to the weighted Lorentz spaces. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 46E30. Classification-JEL: C39 Keywords: Fourier series, Cesaro means, Abel Poisson Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 167-170 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/20/20 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:167-170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D.M. Israfilov Author-Email: mdaniyal@balikesir.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Balikesir University Author-Name: N.P. Tuzkaya Author-Email: ptuzkaya@balikesir.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Balikesir University Title: The Classical Integral Operators in Weighted Lorentz Spaces with Variable Exponent. Abstract: In this paper the Lorentz spaces with variable exponent are introduced. These Banach function spaces are defined on the base of variable Lebesgue spaces. Boundedness of classical integral operators are proved in variable Lorentz spaces. Classification-JEL: C39 Keywords: Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 171-178 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/21/21 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:171-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vakhtang Kokilashvili Author-Email: kokil@rmi.acnet.ge Author-Workplace-Name: A. Razmadze Mathematical Institute Georgian Academy of Sciences Author-Name: S. Samko Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: University of Algarve Title: The Singular Operator and the Reisz Potential Operator in the Lebesgue Spaces with Variable Exponent on the Real Line Abstract: Classification-JEL: C39 Keywords: Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 179-194 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/22/22 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:179-194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Sharmazanashvili Author-Email: sharm@gtu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: Georgian Technical University Author-Name: Hüseyin Önal Author-Email: onalhuseyin@ibsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Consideration of Easygard Post Design on the Base of Advances Concurrent Engineering Tool Abstract: The essence of CE is the integration of product design and process planning into one common activity. Concurrent design helps improve the quality of early design decisions and has a tremendous impact on life-cycle cost of the product. It is important to decide at an early stage in design which type of assembly method is likely to be adopted, based on the method yielding the lowest costs. This section allows the designer to decide, from the values of basic product and company parameters (production volume, number of parts, etc.) which assembly method is likely to be the most economic. The purchase of special-purpose automation equipment (high-speed automatic assembly) would almost certainly provide excellent return on investment. Somewhere between these extremes is a range of annual production volumes for which robot assembly might be the best economic choice if the assembly were appropriately designed. However, changing system is not only the way to reduce the production time and cost. It is also possible to reduce time and cost significantly by using software package and designing or redesigning assembly of product appropriately. Paper below represents design optimization possibilities by DFA approach for Easygard post engineering design produced by one of the UK medium size manufacturing company. Classification-JEL: C69 Keywords: Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 195-209 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/23/23 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:195-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hüseyin Önal Author-Email: onalhuseyin@ibsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Vakhtang Rodonaia Author-Email: irodonaia@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: David Chikovani Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Pauili Matrixes and Generalized Rotations Abstract: In the article, using spinor representation of orthogonal transformations, the equations, for generalized rotations are received. The rotations are defined as set of all possible rotations, both with zero, and non-zero centers which carry out transformations of initial 3-dimensional point into a final. The expressions between second order complex unitary transformations matrixes and real orthogonal matrixes of rotations in L are received, that allows easily calculating of corresponding Euler's angles. Classification-JEL: C69 Keywords: Spinors, Generalized Rotations, Hermitian Transformations, Orthogonal Transformations. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 210-217 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/24/24 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:210-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cabir Ergüven Author-Email: cabir@ibsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Variation Approach in Adaptive Control of Mobile Robots Abstract: In this article, various problems of movement control of mechanical objects like problem of guidance, problem of acceleration, problem of control with excluded time and problem of control as a function of time have been discussed and solved. The simple expressions for relevant optimum phase trajectories and algorithms of adaptive movement control have been obtained, which allow their effective practical realization to be carried out. Classification-JEL: C69 Keywords: Terminal Control, Moving Object, Boundary Value Problem, Adaptive Movement Control Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 218-225 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/25/25 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:218-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cabir Ergüven Author-Email: cabir@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Analysis and Synthesis of Terminal Control Reduction Problem Abstract: One of the most important problems of terminal control reduction problem is considered and solved. On the base of spinor representation of spatial rotation group, the control law functions are obtained. A mathematical model of reduction process is constructed. The results can be used for practical purposes to elaborate simple control algorithms of spatial movement reduction process in many different fields. Classification-JEL: C69 Keywords: Terminal Control, Moving Objects, Boundary Problems, Adaptive Control, Reduction, Acceleration, Transient Process Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 137-144 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/27/30 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:137-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cabir Ergüven Author-Email: cabir@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Modelling of Deceleration Process of Spatial Movements Abstract: Solution of breaking problem of moving mechanical object is discussed. Five boundary values are used for the problem. Mathematical model of the process has been obtained. Also all dynamic functions and characteristics are represented. They shoe the accuracy of terminal positioning of deceleration. Classification-JEL: C69 Keywords: Terminal control, moving objects, boundary problems, adaptive control, reduction, acceleration, transient process, deceleration, positioning of deceleration Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 145-152 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/28/31 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:145-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cabir Ergüven Author-Email: cabir@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Synthesis of Control of Terminal Acceleration of Spatial Rotations Abstract: Among the problems of Adaptive Terminal Control, one of the most important is the problem of control of acceleration process of moving objects. Two cases are discussed: Control with arbitrary terminal acceleration and control with certain value of terminal acceleration. The control law functions are obtained and analysis of the both process is represented. The obtained results can be used for practical purposes to elaborate simple control algorithms. Classification-JEL: E62 Keywords: Terminal Control, Moving Objects, Boundary Problems, Adaptive Control, Reduction, Acceleration, Transient Process Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 153-160 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/29/28 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:153-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimir Vladimirov Author-Email: vladimir@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics Author-Name: Maria Neicheva Author-Email: mneicheva@abv.bg Author-Workplace-Name: Burgas Free University Title: The Stabilizing Role of Fiscal Policy: Theoretical Background and Empirical Evidence Abstract: Тhе study sheds light on the stabilizing role of government budget. It finds that in Bulgaria both taxes and government spending are negatively related to the real growth rate. This leads to the conclusion that budgetary expenditure influence output in a non-Keynesian fashion. The size of discretionary fiscal impulse is the main determinant of the non-Keynesian outcome. The results imply that although the balanced budget ensures the sustainability of public finances, it does not guarantee a growth-stimulating effect in case of a large government sector. Abstention from an active fiscal policy would allow the automatic stabilizers to operate freely and to counteract the negative shocks to the economy. Classification-JEL: E62 Keywords: government budget, stabilizing fiscal policy, Keynesian vs. non-Keynesian effects Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 7-22 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/30/32 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:7-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hüseyin Önal Author-Email: onalhuseyin@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: A Spinor Method of Solution of Manipulators’ Inverse Kinematics Problem with Rotational Pairs Abstract: A new method and algorithm of solution of multijoint manipulators with rotational pairs inverse kinematic problem was created. The method is based on the principally new approach-spinor representation of the spatial generalized rotations. One of the advantages of the method is that it allows elaborating formulation of technological tasks for manipulators in terms of Cartesian coordinates instead of traditional angles’ terms. Besides the method allows using only one (absolute) coordinate system and does not require a set of different (relative) coordinate systems. It provides easy, reliable and efficient way of solution of inverse kinematics problem of multijoints manipulators with rotational pairs. Classification-JEL: E62 Keywords: spinors, rotations, Euler’s angles, basic representations, kinematics inverse problem, orthogonal transformations Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 170-178 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/38/35 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:170-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hüseyin Önal Author-Email: onalhuseyin@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Pauli Matrices and the Theory of Representations of the Group of Rotations Abstract: It is shown that Pauli Matrixes can be derived from irreducible rotation group representations of the weight =1/2, which in turn based on the system of infinitesimal (elementary) spatial rotations. The last permits to substantiate why Pauli matrixes can be so sufficiently used for modeling of physical rotations. Classification-JEL: E62 Keywords: Pauli matrices, Group rotations, spinor transformation, group of rotation Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 179-186 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/39/36 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:179-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hüseyin Önal Author-Email: onalhuseyin@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Simple Relations between Elements of the Three-Dimensional Orthogonal Matrix of the Basic Representation and Euler and RPY’ Angles Abstract: In this Article transformation angles of the methods of RPY (Roll, Pitch and Yaw) and Euler are found using Spinor method [Milnikov A.A., Prangishvili A.I., Rodonaia I.D. (2005) ], which The method is based on the principally new approach-spinor representation of the spatial generalized rotations. And provides easy, reliable and efficient way of solution of inverse kinematics problem of multijoints spherical manipulators. Classification-JEL: E62 Keywords: RPY’ angles, Euler’s angles, spinors, rotations, and kinematics inverse problem, Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 187-192 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/40/37 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:187-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tea Kbiltsetskhlashvili Author-Email: teakbilts@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Development of the Banking System in Georgia Abstract: Over fifteen years have passed since the beginning of the reconstruction of the transition countries' banking systems. The analysis of the development of commercial banking in Georgia and other transition countries points out several features, which are typical for the starting period of financial sector reforms. It turns out from this article that the success of the reconstruction of banking sector in certain countries differs substantially. Since the starting of reforms the Georgian banking sector has passed two development periods ending with banking success. The first period can be named as a "wild "and the second as a "naive-optimistic" banking period. The development cleared the banking sector of weaker links and showed both the central bank and the management of operating banks the directions for improving banking regulations and management international practices. In my article I do not deal only with the success of the reforms of a Georgian banking sector from the aspect of the growth of assets but also paid a lot of attention to the changes in quality. In this study I researched the extent of the growth of the Georgian banks' creditability, the stability of their working results, the conformity of services to clients' needs, the harmonization of banking regulations with the European Union's requirements and the implementation of good International bankingpractices in Georgia. For today the transition period in Georgian banking has been actually passed. The banks operate in accordance with modern market economy patterns in every respect. The cornerstones of the Georgian banking sector reforms success have been stable economic policy as well as stable currency and the central bank's policy incisiveness, which forces the reforms. Classification-JEL: G21, G28 Keywords: Georgia, Banks, financial market, credit, development Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 45-65 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/41/38 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:45-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Milnikov Author-Email: alexander.milnikov@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Mikheil Mamistvalov Author-Email: Title: One Method of Solution of an Optimum Investment Portfolio Problem for Risky Assets Abstract: The problem for choice of an optimum investment portfolio is considered. The square-law form of risk is presented as two-multiple convolution of ковариантного tensor of the covariance matrix and kontravariant vector of weights. By means of reduction of covariance matrix to the diagonal form, the problem by definition of optimum structure of a portfolio is solved: simple expressions for a minimum of risk and optimum distribution of the weights providing this minimum are received. Classification-JEL: G11 Keywords: tensor, convolution, invariants, risky assets, portfolio, covariance matrix, kontravariant vector, optimum structural potentials, relative optimum structural potentials Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 66-70 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/47/40 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:66-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Faruk Gürsoy Author-Email: fgursoy@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Olcay Kurşun Author-Email: Title: Investment Climate Of Georgia Abstract: This study tries to present the current picture of investment climate of Georgia. This work, we believe, will also fill the knowledge gap in the area of foreign direct investment (FDI) research on Georgia. The analysis focuses on major obstacles faced by investors. We first identify and then quantify the major obstacles for both foreign and domestic investors using the case studies of investors in Georgia and the statistics obtained from these data. The study results indicates that the most serious problem for investors is the human factor, which comprises of corruption and unskilled local labor force. We also found that the issues such as government regulations (regulatory burden), infrastructure, or safety do not act as major deterrents of FDI inflows, especially after the successful reforms of the Saakashvili government. It was also found that most investors have been satisfied with their operation. Classification-JEL: E22 Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Investment Climate, Georgia Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 71-79 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/48/41 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:71-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tatiana Papiashvili Author-Email: t.papiashvili@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Faruk Gürsoy Author-Email: fgursoy@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Accommodating Monetary Policy in Transitional Economies: Particularities Abstract: This paper surveys the particularities of monetary policy as a powerful governmental weapon in countries with transitional economies. The paper combines the theoretical analysis with empirical studies. Because in transitional economies the particular channels of monetary policy are diverse, continually changing, and uncertain reduce-form evidence are used to evaluate the empirical evidence. The brief view of relationships between movement in money supply (M1 and M2) and output level (nominal GDP) in Georgia illustrates the close correlation between them. Georgian economy like others transitional economies suffers from "Great Transitional Depression" and macroeconomic equilibrium occurs at recessionary gap. In transition countries initially supply is more elastic and elasticity increases more rapidly than that in developed countries. In these circumstances expansionary monetary policy effects real aggregate economy stimulating economic growth with mild inflation. In industrialized countries accommodating discretionary monetary policy entails cost-push inflation without any change in long-run GDP. Classification-JEL: E50, E52 Keywords: monetary policy, transitional economy, reduce-form evidence, long-run economic growth, inflation Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 23-32 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/49/42 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:23-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irakli Rodonaia Author-Email: irodonaia@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Vakhtang Rodonaia Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: E62 Title: Technique of the Joint Use of System Dynamics and Cognitive Analysis for Reengineering of Complex Economic and Social-Political Systems Abstract: The technique of the joint use of system dynamics and cognitive analysis for reengineering of complex systems has been proposed. The use of the system dynamics technique at the initial stage of reengineering processes faces the certain difficulties due to the fact of presence of large amount of parameters.It is rather difficult to choose correctly all levels’ and variables’ initial values and change rates. Arbitrary assignment of initial values leads to radical incorrect reengineering procedures. In order to avoid this undesirable result the approach presented in the article assumes the implementation of the cognitive analysis technique at the initial stage. After revelation of fundamental trends of development and screening of insignificant factors system dynamics methodology is proposed to be implemented Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: cognitive analysis, system dynamics, reengineering, impulse oriented weighted graphs, qualitative assessment of processes, emergency management Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 161-169 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/51/43 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:161-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natela Doghonadze Author-Email: nateladoghonadze@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Gulnara Gorgiladze Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Batum State University Title: Problem Solving in Teaching Foreign Languages to Students of Pedagogical Departments Abstract: The goal of the suggested article is to review some existing research dealing with application of problem solving to education and to offer some practical recommendations for methods of teacher training in foreign languages based on problem solving. The essence of problem solving in education is first of all acquisition of methods of gaining new knowledge independently, based on application of existing knowledge and skills. Thus, it is quite logical that this approach is particularly productive in teaching foreign languages to future teachers of any subjects. Several aspects of application of problem solving in teaching a foreign language are being discussed. The article suggests a description of a class dealing with the application of problem solving towards teaching a foreign language. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: problem solving, communicative approach, traditional pedagogy, memorization, knowledge and skills Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 101-114 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/55/45 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:101-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Rousseau Author-Email: richardr@kimep.kz Author-Workplace-Name: Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Strategic Research Title: Political Corruption in Contemporary Democracies: Newness, Scale and Varieties Abstract: A rise in corruption and in the exposure of corruption in recent decades is observable in contemporary democracies, especially on the European continent. Anti-corruption campaigns on the part of magistrates and others have increased in the past two decades, and as a consequence revelations about corruption have become more widespread. This has not just been at national level, but at the supranational and international levels, e.g. the EU. This article exposes this phenomenon in democratic countries and examines the possible remedies and solution adapted to highly develop societies. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: developed countries, democracy, corruption, solutions Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 80-98 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/53/44 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:80-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natela Doghonadze Author-Email: nateladoghonadze@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Şaban Çepik Author-Email: scepik@fatih.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Politeness of Discourse and Vocabulary Teaching Abstract: The article is a review of the few existing publications dealing with problem of politeness of discourse in the process of vocabulary teaching. While communicatively teaching vocabulary, we should keep in mind that the goal is not just memorization by learners of lists of words, their semantics, combinability, etc. and successful performance of some exercises, but first of all it is the formation of learner’s ability to communicate in the target language (to apply the acquired vocabulary as efficiently as possible). From this point of view some issues of politeness of discourse are more crucial than the correct pronunciation of the word or some other aspect of linguistic correctness. Not only stylistic appropriateness makes our utterances polite, but also tact. Though "tact" is definitely not a linguistic category, it has to be taught in vocabulary classes. Minorities (taking into consideration their gender, age, race, nationality, physical defects, etc.), for example, should be labeled very carefully. What kind of utterance is considered to be polite / rude depends on the degree of formality / informality of the situation (the so-called "insider" or "outsider" talk). Language learners should also be aware that irony and sarcasm can turn any polite word into an impolite one. Language learners need both information about unpleasant words and strategies that will permit them to be not only linguistically, but also "politically" correct. Some of such strategies and ways to form them are discussed in the article. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: politeness of discourse, unpleasant words, slang, curse words, taboo words, irony, dropping the negative, strategies of political correctness. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 115-127 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/33/34 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:115-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marina Zoranyan Author-Email: marinazoranyan@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Georgian Technical University Title: The Importance of Teaching Intercultural Communication to ESP and BE Students Abstract: The article provides a review of publications concerning the role of intercultural knowledge in business communication. In business communication culture-imposed rules are even more important than linguistic rules. For business communication in English such rules are application of special request formulas and tentative discourse. It is essential that these peculiarities should be explained to non-native English speakers and concrete cases created. When students are unaware of them communication problems should be viewed to prove to students the importance of the issue. Examples of both phenomena and practical recommendations how to overcome the difficulty are offered in the article. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: culture-imposed rules of communication, tentative discourse, understatement, politeness strategies Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 128-134 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/32/33 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:128-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Milnikov Author-Email: alexander.milnikov@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Tatiana Papiashvili Author-Email: t.papiashvili@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Irakli Rodonaia Author-Email: irodonaia@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Economic Growth in Georgia: Historical Perspectives and Prognosis Abstract: While output declined in virtually all transition economies in the initial years, the speed and extent of the recovery that followed has varied widely across these countries. The paper examines some aspects of transition experiences of 1990s and dynamics of GDP in Georgia during transition recession and following post-recession recovery. Economic growth is considered as complex and comprehensive phenomenon. The prognostic econometric model of Georgian GDP is developed. Classification-JEL: N15 Keywords: economic growth, GDP, transitional economy, Georgia, prognostic model, regression, non –linear trend Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 33-44 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/46/39 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:33-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amit Mittal Author-Email: yashamitmittal@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Management of MM University Author-Name: Ruchi Mittal Author-Email: raymittal@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management and Technology Title: Store Choice in the Emerging Indian Apparel Retail Market: an Empirical Analysis Abstract: Store Choice has been a subject of frequent research in the developed retail markets of the west. However, the retail sector in India has been largely fragmented and unorganized. However, the retail scenario in India is changing at a very brisk pace. Many international retailers entering India and many Indian retailers in the organized segment are coming up with stores all across the country, but a majority of these stores have merely transplanted western formats onto the Indian retail scene without actually evaluating the salience of various store attributes from the customer perspective. In light of this the purpose of this paper is to study the store choice criteria in the context of apparel retailing in India. Drawing from major global and Indian studies conducted in the past, this research has identified two dimensions, which in different combinations could create sustainable store choice and hence, store loyalty. These two dimensions are termed "loyalty drivers" and "experience enhancers". Classification-JEL: M31 Keywords: Consumer Behaviour Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 21-46 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/57/46 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:2:p:21-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mustafa Akdağ Author-Email: m_akdag@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Investigation of Cobalt Solubilities from Pyrite Cinder fn Sulphuric Acid Solution Abstract: Cobalt is an important metal which is being used in advanced technologies such as alloying and electronic industry; as well as in painting and ceramics. This paper attempts to research the possible ways of transferring possibilities of cobalt from calcine which is obtained as a waste from roasting pyrite concentrates. Classification-JEL: E62 Keywords: cobalt, Pyrite Cinder, Sulphuric Acid Solution Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 121-126 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/68/146 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:2:p:121-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ekaterine Pipia Author-Email: ekush7@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: ESL Teaching and Learning Background in the United States of America Abstract: This article identifies dramatic demographic changes in the United States with particular emphasis on shifts in the ethnic composition of school-age children. At this writing, nearly one of every five American students entering school is a native speaker of a language other than English. In addition the paper explores ESL background of the United Stats and many facets of the most commonly implemented bilingual program designs in today's American schools: pull-out, structured immersion, transitional, maintenance, and dual language. Since these policies and programs are not related to any socio cultural matters, the paper provides a socio cultural and historical background of language contact and attitudes out of which these programs grew and that each, of course, reflects. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: ethnic groups, second language, bilingual education programs Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 103-112 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/63/144 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:2:p:103-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lali Surmanidze Author-Email: lsurmanidze@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Tbilisi State University Author-Name: Lia Tsuladze Author-Email: noemail@noemail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Tbilisi State University Title: The Formation of Nation-State and Cultural Identity: A Georgian Perspective Abstract: The paper discusses cultural specifics of the Georgians’ mental perception in the context of formation of the modern nation-state. The research has been conducted using the experimental psychosemantic method, based on which semantic spaces, reflecting the categorical system of meanings in the contemporary Georgians’ mentality, have been built. The material for the research consisted of universal (etic) categories interpreted within the cultural system specific to the Georgians (emic means of interpretation). For this purpose, we have referred to the historical facts, linguistic and folk material, and religious aspects of the Georgian Orthodox Christianity. The so called "Nation-State" cluster is the largest one out of several clusters revealed by the research. Its content has been interpreted based on semiotic analysis that highlights the semantic logic representing essential aspects of the Georgians’ collective representations, namely, their ethnic picture of the world. It is stated that national identity is the main idea influencing the development of the Georgian state and culture, and that the value of defending and preserving national identity is the oldest and strongest layer of the Georgian mentality. It is demonstrated that "Georgian" has always been the main criterion for evaluating all the life events and even personal self-realization has necessarily implied the element of being Georgian as its inseparable part. The research data confirm that till today the Georgians are evaluated in this context and it should be the main reason for why such concepts as "success", "achievement", "independence" and "freedom", which definitely represent personal context in the Western countries, are attributed to the wider context of nation-state in the Georgian mentality. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 87-102 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/89/49 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:2:p:87-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steffen Roth Author-Email: steffen.roth@bfh.ch Author-Workplace-Name: Berne School of Business and Administration Title: Open innovation across the prosperity gap: an essay on getting the Caucasus back into the European innovation society. Abstract: The paper shows how both intra-national and international strategies of open innovation and crowdsourcing could be used to reduce or even invert the brain drain of Caucasian societies and, hence, could lead to more sustainable and, first of all, local returns on investments in the regions excellent educational infrastructure. Classification-JEL: M21, O31, O33 Keywords: open innovation, crowdsourcing, brain drain, brain gain, Caucasus, innovation competition, Diaspora networks, regional development. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 5-20 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/75/47 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:2:p:5-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tea Kbiltsetskhlashvili Author-Email: teakbilts@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Investment Climate of Georgia after "Rose Revolution": Recent Improvements and New Challenges Abstract: The article focuses on effectiveness of Investment climate in Georgia after transition period. Investment climate is the institutional, policy and regulatory environment in which firms operate – factors that influence the link from sowing to reaping and I can say that investment climate itself is the process from sowing to reaping because you will reap what you sew. Investment climate is the opportunity and incentive for firms to invest productively, create jobs and expand.One of the major determinations of country’s economic developments and wellbeing are the indicators of investment structure and volume. These indicators show attractiveness of economy for foreign investors and give clues for analyzing countries development process. Investment climate matters for the total factor productivity, average wage rates, the rate of return on fixed assets, growth rate of output, employment, corruption plus government regulations, taxes, political and economical stability, migration. A good investment climate is an essential pillar of a country‘s strategy to stimulate economic growth, which in turn generates opportunities for poor people to have more productive jobs and higher income. Hypothesizing that long – term effect of foreign investment will increased in increased employment and household income, poverty will be decreased and Georgian economy will be developed. The paper also includes the results of a survey conducted to find out the changes of investment climate after "Rose Revolution". Classification-JEL: M21 Keywords: foreign direct investment, natural resources, employment, economic growth, political stability, taxes, corruption. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 47-86 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/86/48 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:2:p:47-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suha Yılmaz Author-Email: suha.yilmaz@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Dokuz Eylul University Title: Time-like Dual Curves of Constant Breadth in Dual Lorentzian Space Abstract: In this work, some characterizations of closed time-like dual curves and time-like dual curves of constant breadth in dual Lorentzian space are presented. Classification-JEL: E62 Keywords: Dual Lorentzian Space, Time-like Dual Curves, Curves of Constant Breadth Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 113-120 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/67/145 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:2:y:2008:i:2:p:113-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Givi Amaglobeli Author-Email: grinvicha78@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Political Problem: Natural or Conventional? Abstract: In the following article we are going to discuss the phenomenon of political Problem (Or Problems). It is an attempt of philosophical and psychological interpretation of political thinking. Firstly there will be examined the concept of political thinking and its relation to the identity issue. The aim is to determine the core principles of these two concepts and the relations between them. We will try to show the psychological means of formation of political thinking linking them with the issue of identity crisis. Basically there will be discussed two dimensions of human mental activity: psychological and social. Another purpose is to define the interaction between concepts of identity and rights and factors which make this co-relation possible. We will also examine the two subcategories of the concept of rights- Natural and Conventional ones. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Political thinking, Identity, Mental activity, Political problem, Identity crisis Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 21-34 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/58/131 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:1:p:21-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tatiana Papiashvili Author-Email: t.papiashvili@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: The Political Economy of Monetary Integration in Transition Countries. Abstract: Monetary integration of developing and transition countries is considered as a monetary strategy for immunization against international monetary instabilities. This paper corresponds to the growing interest in the integration theory and its application to the EMU formation and to EMU enlargement. The paper shows a new level of understanding of the monetary integration issues that opens new opportunities for developing countries and countries with transitional economy to integrate in global economy through non-traditional method such as euroization. Advantages and disadvantages of euroization are analyzed. Classification-JEL: P48, P26 Keywords: Monetary integration, Optimum Currency Area, transition countries, euroization. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 5-20 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/65/130 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:1:p:5-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tea Kbiltsetskhlashvili Author-Email: tea@ibsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: The Influence of Market Economy on Georgian Family Abstract: In a very short period of time Georgian society and family itself undergone noticeable transformation process from a totalitarian regime to a democracy. In the process of this reforms the country is therefore undergoing significant economic, political, and social changes, which are having an impact on all aspects of public life. This article describes this shifting context and the links between economic hardships, unemployment and the influence of market economy on Georgian family. Georgian economy remains underdeveloped and average household income in the country remains low in comparison to other Eastern European countries which has negative influence on the wellbeing of Georgian family. Foreign investment is necessary to improve household income. Poverty, unemployment and insecurity have become serious problems for the majority of Georgia’s population. Article explains real market situation, its disadvantages and discusses reasons how the process of transition to the market economy has resulted in a significant worsening of the economy, conflicts in families and occasioned by economic hardships have become frequent lately, how foreign investment will improve household income and how hard market economic situation influences on Georgian family. Hypothesizing that long term effects of foreign investment will result in increased employment and household income, poverty will be decreased and Georgian economy will be developed. The traditional family model of male provider and female homemaker, which was standard during the soviet era, is changing. Old age pensions are not enough to make ends meet, even for a week, children are obliged to take care of old parents as part of their family. The paper also includes the results of a survey of 300 respondents (150 students and 150 residents) conducted to find out what is the influence of market economy on Georgian family. Classification-JEL: I32 Keywords: Poverty, inequality, democratic transition, employment policy, household income. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 35-58 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/66/132 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:1:p:35-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anca Rugescu Author-Email: ancarugescu@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: National Academy of Arts Author-Name: Radu Dan Rugescu Author-Email: rugescu@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University "Politehnica" of Bucharest Title: Impact of High Technology on Esthetics - the Aerospace influence Abstract: A more or less subliminal impact of space technology over the general art of design is revealed. Some of the most visible trends are related to the implicit perception of the "best" geometrical shapes, along a century long time period of arts history. A recursive analysis is suggested for detecting earlier trends in the customs of medieval and incipient modern design. Classification-JEL: O31, O33 Keywords: Esthetics, art of design, aerospace, high technology, mimetic Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 59-71 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/69/133 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:1:p:59-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valeri Modebadze Author-Email: valery_4@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Historical background of Meskhetian problem and major obstacles to the repatriation process. Abstract: This article analyses the historical background of discrimination of Meskhetian Turks. Meskhetian turks have been denied the most basic human rights and faced continuous persecution everywhere. Their story is full of tragic events. This article describes tragic events such as the repeated displacements of Meskhetian Turks and constant violation of their human rights. It also deals with the problems of the repatriation of the Meskhetian Turks such as hostile attitudes towards Meskhetians, popular opposition to the repatriation process, political and economic instability, conflicts and interethnic tensions. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: deportation,discrimination, repatriation, rehabilitation Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 113-128 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/74/136 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:1:p:113-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olusegun Ayodeji Ojesanmi Author-Email: dejioje@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: ATM network of Ajayi Crowther University Title: Dynamic Recharge Systems with Efficient Bandwidth Utilization for Mobile Network Using Agent Technology Abstract: The advent of wireless communication technology has brought a new dimension to telecommunication. Consequently, handheld devices can now be used to perform basic operations like wired counterparts if not more. Wireless communication technology like the Global System for Mobile Telecommunication (GSM) has been a celebrated saga the world over, and has thus become expedient that services provided by them should be readily available to the end-users without limitations like highways, remote locations as long as there exist signal coverage in the area. This paper proposes a mobile agent based recharging system for the GSM networks. The aim is to provide a dynamic and flexible way of recharging the system (device) even where recharge cards are not physically available. It is also meant to conserve power and bandwidth utilization by taking the confirmation processes off the mobile clients using the intermittent connectivity method of query processing and sending the feedback. Classification-JEL: O33 Keywords: Mobile agent, wireless cellular network, client/server, mobile phone, Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 159-179 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/85/140 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:1:p:159-179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Berna Canturk-Gunhan Author-Email: berna.gunhan@deu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Dokuz Eylul University Author-Name: Melih Turgut Author-Email: melih.turgut@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Dokuz Eylul University Author-Name: Suha Yılmaz Author-Email: suha.yilmaz@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Dokuz Eylul University Title: Spatial Ability of a Mathematics Teacher: The Case of Oya Abstract: The aim of this paper was to examine the performance of a primary mathematics teacher as well as doctorate student on tasks concerning different subcomponents of spatial ability and her views. The data comes from interviews with her and spatial test. As the results of this study, we can say that we should use appropriate geometrical materials in mathematics lessons aiming at developing the students' spatial ability. Classification-JEL: E62 Keywords: Geometry, Spatial Ability, Spatial Thinking, Primary Mathematics Education, Spatial Ability Tasks. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 151-158 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/100/139 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:1:p:151-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleni Sideri Author-Email: elasideri@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Thessaly Title: Pearl’s are a girl’s best friend: nostalgia and its discontents in the life-stories of two Georgian women Abstract: Natela remembers her femininity as an expression of a long Georgian national tradition that seems to be threatened by a new, market-oriented order. On the contrary, Dela is determined to take advantage of the emerging need for luxury goods and fashion trens among the female consumers in modern Tbilisi. My paper will focus on the life stories of these two Georgian women and will try to postulate how the generational differences have affected the perceptions of their past and future in Georgia. Which are the emerging social spaces where they feel included or excluded and why? How do personal or family memories interact with national history? In which ways are these memories materialized though material culture? To what degree social and economic changes lead to reassessment of the value-both economic and emotional- attached to material culture? Based on a multi-dimensional understanding of memory, the reference to the Georgian past for these two women is not a nostalgic journey to an uncontested time which is often narrative in an official national history. They are both culturally aware agents that seem to challenge to different degrees and for different reasons the linearity of time and space, negotiating in this way the idea of a bio-graphy. Taking as start point these two life stories, I examine how the theme of nostalgia does not necessarily allude to a frozen in memory past, but it interacts with a real effort of assessing the present conditions of living and articulates complaints or desires for the future. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: gender, material culture, memory, nostalgia, Georgia Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 97-112 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/104/135 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:1:p:97-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gulnara Diasamidze Author-Email: gulnara_diasamidze50@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Nonverbal and paraverbal expression of emotions in the course of learning Russian as a foreign language Abstract: Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: emotiveness, nonverbal expressions, gestures, facial expression, paraverbal expressions, pause, intonation, intonational constructions Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 129-136 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/110/137 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:1:p:129-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: İlyas Üstünyer Author-Email: ilyasusutnyer@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Tradition of the Ashugh Poetry and Ashughs in Georgia Abstract: Having been disseminated over a huge geographic area the Ashugh literature has become enriched with colours and depths of many cultures throughout its seven centuries-long history. It is impossible to identify the country of origin and the primary social form of the given literary genre according to the sources. Nevertheless by the traces available in various cultural areas, the richness of form and content and the method of their juxtaposition it is yet possible to establish the main ways of dissemination of this literature. Georgia is the rarest of the places where Ashugh literature acquired a new form and content. Study of development of this tradition in Georgia will make a solid contribution to investigation of the issue which is an objective of the present article. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Folk Literature Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 137-149 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/122/138 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:1:p:137-149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Athina Imnaishvili Author-Email: athinaim@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Tea Kbiltsetskhlashvili Author-Email: teakbilts@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Georgia’s Perspectives for Investment Growth Abstract: The article focuses on recent developments in the former Soviet republics, especially political tremors and hostilities in Caucasus area considerably hinder the development of American businesses in the region. The goal of this study is to investigate factors determining flow of FDI in Georgia, the key point of the analysis is the impact of stability of economic and legal environment on the pattern of FDI. This literary analysis describes the advantages for Georgia to become leader in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), as well as which sphere are the most effective to develop, which spheres for investment should be given priority, who are the potential investors, how to attract them and what is the most important to which extent will this FDI influence Georgian economy in the long run? The article includes results of a different researches performed to express the progress of the investment and its impact on Georgian economy. The paper also includes results of survey conducted to find out changes of investment climate before and after "august conflict and world crisis". Classification-JEL: O50, O53 Keywords: foreign direct investment, political and economical stability, domestic market, economic growth. Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 73-95 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/113/134 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:1:p:73-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salome Asatiani Author-Email: salomeasa@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Food Security Concept, Condition and Trends in Georgia Abstract: The concept of Food security cannot be considered under the context of a single country or even an entire region. This is the global one and requires a global attitude. Many international organizations coordinate and put attention to the food security issues, especially in the developing countries, where this problem more or less exists. Agriculture represents a significant segment of the economy of Georgia. Development of secure food for domestic consumption or export trade relies on uniform food policies and procedures that are consistently enforced by government agencies. The major objective of this article is to represent the current condition of food security in Georgia, identify main obstacles, show relationship between the economic factors and food production, to assess the future development trends and to show the number and proportion of undernourished persons, improve availability and quality of relevant food security information. This article presents a suite of food security indicators including in the Millennium Development Goals on the prevalence of undernourishment at the national and sub national levels. The summarized findings cover a wide range of food security statistics which provide the analytical background for identifying and locating the food insecure population. It can be concluded from the findings that Georgia has a moderate level of undernourishment Classification-JEL: I12,I18 Keywords: Food Security, Georgia, undernourishment, food deprivation, food consumption, dietary energy consumption Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 35-54 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/105/123 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:2:p:35-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maka Bughulashvili Author-Email: bughulashvili@ibsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Global Economic Crisis: Is Georgia At Risk? Abstract: Most of countries have been generally badly affected by the tremendous global financial crisis and economic downturn happening recently. It is really difficult to predict the timing and magnitude of events caused by the global economic crises, the effects of the crisis vary from country to country. It has become a serious problem not only for those countries which belong to the world of unprecedented financial globalization, where the financial sector plays a historically large role in economic activity, but it is also an "imported crisis" (G20 Financial Ministers' Meeting, November,2008) for low-income countries (LICs) as well. Although Georgia's economy is quite small, it is not isolated from the recession dilemma facing the world economy. This article tries to survey those sectors of Georgian economy which are regarded as having suffered the most because of the financial crisis spreading around the globe. This paper is kind of attempt to find out what are the optimal measures to recover from the post-August war condition and how to avoid direct influence of the global crisis on Georgian economy. Classification-JEL: I31, O47 Keywords: global, crisis, Georgia Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 55-75 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/106/124 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:2:p:55-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cumhur Aksu Author-Email: caksu@ibsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: A Variational Approach in Drivelines Terminal Control Abstract: It is shown that on the base of Driveline acceleration measurement it is possible to define a variational problem, solution of which permits to synthesize general Control function of Drivelines control process. The last function covers various particular control problems. It is shown, that these problems can be naturally defined by choosing of corresponding boundary conditions. As an example of such particular cases a problem of Acceleration is solved. Classification-JEL: E62 Keywords: Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 137-148 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/111/129 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:2:p:137-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nikoloz Parjanadze Author-Email: nickparjanadze@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Globalisation Theories and Their Effect on Education Abstract: Globalisation is a relatively new concept in social sciences, especially in educational research and there is no agreement on its essence. The article presents three stances within globalisation theory – the hyperglobalist , the sceptical and the transformational, which reflect disputes concerning new global trends. The discussion highlights social, economic and political aspects globalization theory deals with. The article focuses on the effects of globalisation over education and the demands it has introduced to the field. Historically education played vital role in the formation of nation states and national identity. However, there is strong support to the assumption that globalisation poses a threat to small nations and ensures the dominance of Anglo-Saxon culture over the others. The article argues that globalisation, state and education are closely linked notions and if any of the components lacks, often it is difficult to have a thorough understanding of each of them. And in spite of some stances indicating to the demise of the nation states and the national education systems, the argument is developed that in the global era the role and meaning of each of them have intensified. Though the process of globalisation has brought along policies full of contradictions, the transformationalist stance suggests that positive and balanced approach be employed to react to global changes. Classification-JEL: I21 Keywords: globalisation, education, policy borrowing, decentralisation, globalisation theories Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 77-88 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/116/125 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:2:p:77-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cicero I Limberea Author-Email: ciceroLimberea@msn.com Author-Workplace-Name: "A.I. Cuza" University Author-Name: Mihaela Onofrei Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: "A.I. Cuza" University Author-Name: Mihaela Tofan Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: "A.I. Cuza" University Title: Integration Aspects of Subsequent EU Joiners Abstract: This article aims to analyze the economic policy aspects of the European Union adherence requirements within the specific microeconomic framework of the postcommunist Eastern European countries during their transition to a free markets economic system. The authors observe that the framework for integration has not been separated between the member countries which had functioned as free market economies throughout the post World War II years that had initially formed the Union, and the newer entrants which were mostly still in a postcommunist transition on their adherence dates. They argue that the transition of the labor markets in such countries may require special attention as the free market mechanisms have not yet reached equilibrium levels and the degree of absorption for the labor force in those countries is still low compared to more mature market economies, thus central bank inflation targeting in these countries prior to the long term rate of unemployment reaching the natural rate is not the optimal solution. Classification-JEL: E6 Keywords: EU accession, Maastricht, labor force absorption, migration, tax, uniform integration, inflation rate targeting Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 5-18 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/121/121 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:2:p:5-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sophio Khundadze Author-Email: sophie_khundadze@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: The Problem of Moral Hazard and Effects of Deposit Insurance Project Abstract: The paper focuses on the significance of deposit insurance program for the financial system stability and smooth operation of the economy. The issue is very substantial for Georgian banking system, which remains to be the only industry all over the post Soviet area without deposit insurance mechanism in place. Georgian banking system lacks the confidence level of its customers, that probably can be restored by imposition of deposit insurance program. The article compares discussions of different experts and their empirical studies arguing whether or not deposit insurance undermines or promotes banking stability. But the experience shows that it, if carefully and properly designed, facilitates additional economic stability, though the last attempt to implement the program in Georgia failed. The article presents the terms of the project elaborated by the National Bank of Georgia and Financial Committee, and gives some proposals needed to perfect the program taking into consideration the recommendations of different experts. Classification-JEL: G21 Keywords: Deposit Insurance Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 89-114 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/81/126 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:2:p:89-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natela Doghonadze Author-Email: nateladoghonadze@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Business Education in Post Soviet Countries Abstract: The presented article discusses the history of business education development in post Soviet countries. It is shown that, though much has been done in these countries to bring business education to international standards, still much has to be done Classification-JEL: I21 Keywords: education, business, georgia Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 19-33 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/127/122 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:2:p:19-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valeri Modebadze Author-Email: valery_4@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: The Term Politics Reconsidered in the Light of Recent Theoretical Developments Abstract: This articles deals with the problems of defining the term "politics". The definition of "politics" varies from time to time and from place to place. There is not just one legally accepted definition of politics but a wide range of definitions; In other words the term has a great number of acceptable and legitimate meanings. Politics is defined in such different ways: as the study of conflict resolution, the art of government, the conduct and management of public affairs, and so on. This article deals with the wide range of meanings attributed to the concept of politics. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: politics Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 39-44 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/125/114 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:1:p:39-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nino Tkeshelashvili Author-Email: efgnino@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: The Effects of Culture on the Leadership Style in Georgia Abstract: Differences in leadership styles do exist across cultures and nationalities as revealed in the literature on culture and culture's influence on the leadership processes. Leadership style plays an important role in shaping the behavior and attitudes of the members of an organization. This research attempts to investigate the culture dimensions of Georgia and their effect on the dominating leadership style in this country. The research was based on Implicit Leadership Theory. It consists of interviews, literature review, participant and unobtrusive observations, and questionnaire-based data collection. Quantitative data were collected from a total of 160 employees of different organizations and profession. Correlation analysis was done to find out relationship between culture and leadership dimensions of Georgia. The results indicate that the Georgians view their society as high in In-group Collectivism, Assertiveness, and Power Distance cultural dimensions. These results make Georgia close to Easter European countries cluster according to the GLOBE study. Employees observe the dominant leadership style in Georgia as Middle-of-the-road Leadership though according to culture dimensions results it should be close to Authority-Compliance Leadership. Correlation analysis revealed that high In-group Collectivism culture dimension is more influential in workplaces than high Assertiveness and Power distance culture dimensions. Because of this effect Employee Orientation variable is higher than was expected. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Culture, Leadership, Culture dimensions, Leadership behavior, Production Orientation, Employee Orientation Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 115-129 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/130/127 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:2:p:115-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tatiana Papiashvili Author-Email: t.papiashvili@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Business Education in Georgia: Challenges and Opportunities Abstract: Knowledge-based society rests on the knowledge triangle that refers to the interaction between research, education, and innovation. The presented paper discusses efficiency of business education in Georgia. SWOT analysis and a questionnaire held by the author show challenges and opportunities of business education in Georgia. Classification-JEL: I23 Keywords: Knowledge-based society, business education, Georgia Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 5-15 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/126/112 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:1:p:5-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irma Mesiridze Author-Email: irmushkebi2005@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Engaging Parents, Youth and Schools in Developing Academic Success Abstract: Recently the role of parents in education has changed dramatically and become overwhelmingly complex and confusing in modern, democratic societies (Davies, 1988). But the state has also a stake in children's education - requiring that all pupils attend school, take certain courses and programs, and, in many countries, attain certain prescribed levels of achievement. Parents are no longer willing to stand by and let the school bureaucrats make all the decisions. Parents have become crucial to school reform, as key decision-makers. Parents want their child to succeed. Any kind of involvement in a child's education gives a parent a feeling of great satisfaction and reassures the child that the parents care about his or her education. The paper summarizes the factors associated with the necessity and importance of parent involvement in education which has become a major educational issue since the 1980s; briefly traces the history of parental involvement in education and underlines the key issues of parents' participation in their offspring's education. The paper examines the role and function of parents as consumers and participants, highlights the factors that solve the dilemmas affecting the roles of parents in educational reforms. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Parents as "Consumers", Parents as "Decision–makers", Parents as Choice-makers", Parent empowerment, Parent governance, Parent networking Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 131-136 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/148/128 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:3:y:2009:i:2:p:131-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fatih Muzaffer İmat Author-Email: fatih_imat@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Nakhchivan State University Author-Name: Nazim Bababeyli Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Nakhchivan State University Title: Reasons Of Desertification In The Middle Of Aras River Basin (Nakhchivan AR and Turkey) And Measures Of Combating Against Desertification Abstract: Nakchivan autonomic republic is a blockaded autonomous region that is dependent on Azerbaijan between Persia and Turkey. The most important relief of this region is consisted of middle Aras river basin. At the same time some part of the land in this region belongs to Turkey. In this area the blockade condition, dry climate effects of humans and etc. situations spoiled the ecological balance and it increased the desertification process. As a result the middle Aras river basin is turned to desertificated regions (lands). In this article measures that can be applied in this region are presented to stop this danger. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: desertification, Nakchivan, geography Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 99-105 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/150/119 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:1:p:99-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hemant Sharma Author-Email: sharma_hemant1@rediffmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Maharishi Markandeshwar University Title: Impact of Income Shocks on Asset Portfolio of Rural Indian Households: An Empirical Analysis Abstract: People who live in low income economies often have to cope, not only with severe poverty, but also with extremely variable income. The high prevalence of risk in low economies implies that people’s ability to manage uncertainty is critical for both productivity and their mere survival. This paper examines the effects of income shocks on the saving decision of rural households i.e. how an unpredictable peculiar income shock affects the composition of asset portfolio of rural households. A sincere attempt is made to gauge the effects of unanticipated health and weather related income shocks on the saving decision of a rural household. This study uses an "Ordinary Least Squares Regression" to analyze the saving behavior of households in response to health and weather shocks. The significant finding of this study is that the volatility of income adds to poverty of rural households by forcing them to reduce stocks of productive assets in order to accumulate liquid assets. Results show that income shocks related to health are more significant to lead them to this than weather related income shocks. In view of the diversity of the structure of rural Indian households (like joint, nuclear and stem house holds.); impact of income shocks has been studied for all categories of rural households. It reveals significant differences in savings behavior between nuclear and joint households. Since, the study has found very strong link between health and income (for low income level), poor are more susceptible to an unpredictable health shock. Hence, the policy implication of the present paper is that the income of rural households can be raised considerably if government tends to design and introduce the appropriate micro health insurance schemes keeping in view the different behavior of joint and nuclear households. Classification-JEL: G10, G31 Keywords: asset portfolio, rural households, income volatility, health and weather shocks, household structure, India Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 17-38 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/137/113 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:1:p:17-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natia Odilavadze Author-Email: natia-odilavadze@yandex.ru Author-Workplace-Name: Akaki Tsereteli State University Title: Western Scholars' Opinions on Rendering the Tense by Means of the Participle in Arabic Abstract: In the discussions of participles in relation with the issue of "tense", different approaches occur with Western scholars, as far as the theme of "tense" provokes great debates among the students of Arabic grammar, owing to some historic and theoretical factors. The approaches of some scholars to the occurrence of the categories of "tense" and "aspect" in Arabic have been significantly influenced by the traditional orientalistic view concerning Arabic having "aspect" rather than "tense". As for Classical Arabic, here the issue of tense in relation to the participle has not so far been studied sufficiently and, moreover, is not conceptualized as a separate issue, irrespective of the fact that ancient Arab grammarians have not disregarded it. They have repeatedly addressed the problem of tense reference by means of the participle. Several interesting studies have also been devoted to the discussion of the issue in contemporary Arabic dialects. One of my papers1, dealing with rendering of verbal properties by the participle, addressed some Western scholars" opinions on the role of the participle in the verbal system, and, of course, dwelt upon the issue of the relation of "tense" with the participle. As far as the present paper is aimed at discussing the latter one, I will try to present a much wider scale of opinions than earlier, and will analyze the approaches of the scholars who more or less paid attention to the issue in point. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Participle, tense, aspect, time reference, perfect(ive), imperfect(ive), Arab grammarians, orientalists Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 63-80 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/143/120 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:1:p:63-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darejan (Daduna) Khutsishvili Author-Email: dadunak@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Turning a New Page in Georgia’s History Abstract: After the demise of the USSR, Georgia has become geopolitically a key state in the Southern Tier region, which connected the landlocked, but rich with mineral resources region with the West by gas and oil pipelines. Georgia has become one of the places, where the interests of powerful states collide. Therefore, Georgia had to find means of securing its independence and territorial integrity and reluctantly became a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States. But after Commonwealth"s failure to ensure Georgia"s goals, it has been vigorously attempting to get membership of western Alliances and to this end it needed western support to overcome Russian opposition. Russia deliberately thwarted all attempts to resolve the regional conflicts in Georgia, as it would enable this small state to obtain membership of the Alliance. But some EU members were not able to discern the importance of Georgia in the Southern Tier region, which connects the eastern and western parts of Eurasia via gas and oil pipelines. This shortsightedness made them veto MAP to Georgia and Ukraine, leaving these countries against belligerent Russia. Russia took advantage of NATO"s disunity and tried to foil Georgia"s path to membership. The Russo-Georgian War shocked international community but it also challenged American power and the naivete of the western world. With outsourcing the diplomatic lead in Russo-Georgian War to the European Union, the United States wanted to show Russia how the EU and other parts of the world were united against Russia"s attack on a sovereign country. But because of the EU"s ineptitude to evaluate future undesirable events, Russia broke the terms of the truce with impunity. Russia"s attack on Georgia was a showcase for other former Soviet republics, regarding them as its own backyard and a good lesson to the West, which had not defended its own interest in the Caucasus. Georgia has turned into a bridgehead in the Caucasus and Central Asia for the United States to thwart Russian desire or of any other regional powers willingness to dominate the wider Middle East. The true reason of Russo-Georgian war, was to claim nineteen-century-old style Russian sphere of influence in the Southern Tier region, the region which is a natural conjuncture of the eastern and western parts of Eurasia, thus geostrategically vital for the EU itself. Without independent Southern Tier region the EU will be depended on the Empire, under whose control these regions fall. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: the real reason of Russo Gerian war, Georgia-the main bridgehead, independence and territorial integrity, NATO membership Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 45-62 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/154/115 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:1:p:45-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nino Gamsakhurdia Author-Email: Ninukebi@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: A Study of Georgian Students’ Attitude and Knowledge about the Post-Civil Rights Era in the United States Abstract: This mini survey was aimed to find out general attitude of Georgian students about African-Americans in the United States comprising post-Civil Rights era and 1990s. preceding the amazing period of the presidential elections of 2008. After having surveyed 158 students of the International Black Sea University (IBSU), we came to the conclusion that the students are not fully aware of the life conditions and achievements of African-Americans between the post-Civil rights era and 1990s . Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Georgia, African-Americans, Attitude Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 81-88 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/145/116 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:1:p:81-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: George Shaduri Author-Email: gshaduri@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: "Double Consciousness" and the Poetry of Langston Hughes On the example of The Weary Blues (1923) Abstract: 1920s of American history have been known and called as the Jazz Age. This Age is featured by flourishing of culture, in particular, the culture having originated from Afro-American roots. One of the parts of this culture is the development of Afro-American literature, especially, poetry, which was labeled by critics as "Harlem Renaissance". Harlem Renaissance is characterized by dualism peculiar for the culture of the colored people: so-called "double-consciousness", expressed in a psychological dilemma: should an Afro-American artist remain bound to its African roots, or is cultural assimilation in Euro-American direction inevitable for him or her. Langston Hughes, one of the central figures of Harlem Renaissance, tries to remain faithful to Afro-American roots in his creations. His poem The Weary Blues is the best example of that. The author of the article places a question: was Langston Hughes able to overcome the "double consciousness" and take pot luck with African origins and roots, or did he also not manage to escape from the assimilation in the melting-pot of American culture? And he provides the answer: the poet succeeds in promoting the folk (Black) tradition, having to compromise with the inevitable framing into American (White) reality of both the form and the content. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Double Consciousness, Harlem Renaissance, the Blues, African, American Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 89-98 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/156/118 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:1:p:89-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cherukuri Jayasankaraprasad Author-Email: jayasankaraprasad@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Krishna University Title: Effect of Situational Factors on Store Format Choice Behaviour in Food and Grocery Retailing in India - A Multiple Discriminant Analysis Abstract: A shopping situation is a particular act of buying behaviour occurring at a specific point in space and time. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of situational factors such as task definition, perceived risk, physical surroundings, social surroundings and temporal aspects on retail format choice decisions relating to kirana stores, convenience stores supermarkets and hypermarkets in the fast growing food and grocery retailing in India. The study is purely based on primary data collected from 1040 retail customers through mall intercept method using structured and non-disguised questionnaire from sixty different food and grocery stores from twin cities of Secunderabad and Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh in India. The multiple discriminant analysis reveals that physical surroundings (ambience, store design and visual merchandising), task definition (regular purchase, purchase in large quantities and getting ideas/knowing new products), perceived risk (time, financial, and physical), temporal aspects (time spent and convenient timing hours), and social interactions and experiences have significant affect on supermarket and hypermarket store format choice decisions. Whereas, task definition (regular purchase and urgent purchase), perceived risk (performance, financial, psychological and physical) and convenient timing hours have significant effect on kirana store and convenience store formats. The findings would help the retailers to better understand the effect of situational variables on consumers retail format choice behaviour in food and grocery and, as a consequence, to undertake more effective retail marketing strategies for competitive advantage. Given the absence of published academic literature and empirical findings relating to store format choice behaviour in grocery retailing in India, this study is relevant to retail marketers in terms of format development and reorientation of marketing strategies. Classification-JEL: D21, D23 Keywords: Consumer Behaviour, Task Definition, Perceived Risk, Physical Surroundings, Temporal Aspects, Social Surroundings, Grocery Retailing, India Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 5-33 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/149/165 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:2:p:5-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tea Kbiltsetskhlashvili Author-Email: tea@ibsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Attracting Investors: Case of Impact of FDI on the Achievements of Economic Growth in Georgia Abstract: The paper examines the role and importance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Georgia after transition period and its’ impact on economic growth of the country and analysing ways for attracting FDI. It focuses on effectiveness of investment climate in Georgia after transition period and on analysis of results of global crisis on Georgia’s investment. Despite the improvement of the investment climate in Georgia, there still remain a number of persistent problems on which FDI cannot maximize its impact. The study gives recommendations how to attract foreign investors and in which particular fields funds are needed and concomitantly their impact can be maximized. Main tendencies of improving investment climate and economic growth of the country are considered. A regression analysis backs up the conclusion. Classification-JEL: O19, O40 Keywords: foreign direct investment, transition period, global crisis, economic growth, political stability Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 35-51 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/172/166 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:2:p:35-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sophio Khundadze Author-Email: sophie_khundadze@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Expected Effect of Deposit Insurance System Over the State of the Banking Environment of Georgia Abstract: The problem of weak market discipline, which is argued to be provoked by the implementation of deposit insurance system, is believed to be solved by imposing coverage limit over the insured funds. The paper focuses on the probable effects of deposit insurance system over the banking environment of Georgia through questioning and observing the behavior of Georgian population under deposit insurance system. The results of observation are tested using confirmatory data analysis to show the anticipated effect of the system and its component of coverage limit over the Georgian banking sector. Classification-JEL: G21 Keywords: deposit insurance, coverage limit, market discipline Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 53-72 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/161/167 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:2:p:53-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malkhaz Chakhnashvili Author-Email: polkovnik_52@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: An Essence of Public Government, Its Subjects and Functions Abstract: In Administrative Law of Georgia Public government is defined as activity of executory – ordering bodies, therefore, area of operation for the public government is limited with the share of functioning of executive branch. We think that such conception is not correct and does not reflects real interconnections between branches of state machinery government (management, administration) is not a type of activity of certain group of state bodies, as it is understood in Georgian Administrative law, but systematic method of solution of problems and functional tasks, faced to the any branch of state power. So, the frame of public government should be expended and define that Public Government should be diversified into three types: Representative, Executive and Judicial Government. All of them have certain vertical of structural units of nine levels in case of executive government, two levels of representative and four levels of judicial government with their functionaries. Subjects of public government have same stages of activity, sources of financing, order of classification but different diversification indication in the structure of state machinery. Beside executive, representative and judicial bodies we think that a new category of subjects- namely special subject of public government have to be distinguished because the President, Parliament and Constitutional court have mutual integrated rights in different spheres of the public government. Upon a new approach to the concept of public government in Georgian Administrative law the definitions of representative, executive, judicial and public government are formulated. Classification-JEL: K30, K40 Keywords: theory of administrative law, Georgia Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 73-86 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/165/168 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:2:p:73-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malkhaz Chakhnashvili Author-Email: polkovnik_52@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Legal Acts, Forms and Methods of Public Goverment in Georgia Abstract: In contradiction to the concept, which prevailed in Georgian administrative law we think that public government includes representative, executive and judicial goverment with typical hierarchical verticals, similar stages of activity, order of establishment and financing, territory of operation, as well as common nature of internal relationships, common ground of classification and forms of activity, but with their own diversificational features, like legal regulation of social life by legislative organs, performance of laws and by-laws by executory-ordering agencies and protection of law by means of justice and constitutional control. Despite these distinguishing features, legal acts issued in the sphere of representative, executive and judicial governments have identical characteristics classified upon their competence and receiving bodies, legal nature and juridical force, order of adoption, purposefulness and forms of expression, operation on the territory and in time. Similar form and methods of governing underline belonging of representative, executive and judicial government to the entire public government. Law-making ang law-enforcement form of operation is typical for internal and external activity of legislative, executive and judicial bodies with their own peculiarities, as well as common methods of governing, like persuasion, compulsion, adminstrative, organizational, pshycological and many others. Classification-JEL: K30, K40 Keywords: legal acts, forms, methods, public government Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 87-96 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/166/169 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:2:p:87-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Urmat Ryskulov Author-Email: urmatryskulov@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Political Instability, Revolution: Comparison between Kyrgyzstan and Georgia Abstract: The goal of this paper is to compare the data such as government effectiveness, voice of accountability, and corruption indexes of the Kyrgyz Republic and Georgia as a consequence of political instability or revolution. The purpose of the country selection was due to their common similarities such as: they both are CIS countries, they both went through a revolution, and the degree of their economies are almost the same. Special attention is given to the reasons of the revolution in these countries as an important fact in the history of the countries. While comparing we can see that the data indicators of both Kyrgyzstan and Georgia were approximately the same in the period of revolution. However, these indicators also show that there was a positive and negative change after the revolution. Classification-JEL: H11 Keywords: revolution, corruption, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 97-112 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/169/170 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:2:p:97-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diana Glonty Author-Email: nndge@inbox.ru Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Georgia and the Globalizing English- Some Peculiarities of Mapping Georgia within the Kachruvian Model of the World Englishes Abstract: The phenomenon of globalization with its extremely complex and multidimensional nature has become one of the hottest issues of the on-going political, economic and scholarly debate. Alongside economic and political aspects, the socio-linguistic ones tend to have far-reaching implications for virtually every facet of our life and are likely to pose many difficult questions during the years to come within the scope of communicative competence. One of the objectives of the current research is the study of Georgia within the socio-linguistic, cultural and educational contexts of globalization in an attempt to map it within a complex matrix of the Global English .The framework of research is inspired by the Kachruvian model of World Englishes , and includes literature review, interviews, participant observations and questionnaire-based data collection. The current article mainly focuses on the peculiarities of the in-awareness of Georgian respondents of the globalization components including linguistic ones with regards to the elaboration of effective strategies for achieving linguistic competence in English. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Globalization, World Englishes, Georgia, The Expanding Circle, ELT Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 113-124 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/147/171 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:2:p:113-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ekaterine Pipia Author-Email: ekush7@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: A Study of Dual Language Instruction in the American School System Abstract: This article was designed to determine the value of recently implemented dual language instruction for minority children in the United States of America as it is significant for America due to the recent establishment of American dual language education. All available resources have been applied to data collection during my stay in the States. A Qualitative and quantitative approaches were adopted to collect the data considering practical and analytical issues. The handed out questionnaires provided substantial empirical input into the academic debate about the effectiveness of dual language immersion programs in the States. The research revealed that immersion programs are the most effective forms of bilingual education in the United States of America. Despite power imbalances within the language minority students in a diverse society, the study has revealed immersion programs as viable means of second language acquisition and effective schooling practices for language majority and minority students in the United States of America. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: dual instruction, minority and majority languages, parental involvement, cross-cultural attitudes, additive bilingualism Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 125-134 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/160/172 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:2:p:125-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gulnara Diasamidze Author-Email: gulnara_diasamidze50@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Emotional Aspect of Utterance in Syntax while Learning Russian Language Abstract: Emotionality can be expressed by linguistic means of various levels in phonetic, morphological and syntactical factors. The article reviews modern methods of acquiring emotional-expressive linguistic means when learning Russian as a foreign language and also observes direct speech when expressing positive emotions in particular according to the degree of sense of humor which can be used during Russian language lessons. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Emotional breadth, syntax, direct speech, humor Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 135-140 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/171/159 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:2:p:135-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nata Bicadze Author-Email: nataliabicadze@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: Telavi State University Title: Relationship Issues of Azerbaijani and Georgian Intellectuals Abstract: In the article, the people's interrelationship problems of the present two neighbor countries - Georgia and Azerbaijan in the period of the newest history is discussed for the first time. The special place has been given to the issues of Azerbaijanis' living in Georgia study and education. Privately to the study of the greatest role and importance of the Azerbaijan schools existed in the oldest part of Georgia, to the meaning of the formed and consolidated friendship of Georgian and Azerbaijan people. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: history, linguistics and literature Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 141-147 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/173/158 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:2:p:141-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cihan Mert Author-Email: cmert@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Alexander Milnikov Author-Email: alexander_milnikov@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Heuristic Analysis of Time Series Internal Structure Abstract: A method of analysis of Time Series Internal Structures based on Singular Spectrum Analysis is discussed. It has been shown that in the case when the Time Series contains deterministic additive components rank of the trajectory matrices equal to number of parameters of the components. Also it was proved that both eigen and factor vectors repeat shapes of the additive components and both eigen values and eigen vectors can be divided into additive groups. Some useful patterns of deterministic components were identified, which permit to provide graphical analysis of times series Internal Structures. Classification-JEL: C44, C49, C61 Keywords: Singular spectrum Analysis, Time series decomposition, Singular vectors, singular values, deterministic additive components, patterns Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 149-155 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/155/160 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:2:p:149-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Davit Chikovani Author-Email: myemail.email2@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Roman Samkharadze Author-Email: rsamkharadze@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Georgian Technical University Title: Development of Structure of Expert System on the Basis of Solution of Conflicts Among Production Rules Abstract: Article considers the structure of expert system for effective management of normal daily regimes of Georgian power system. In contrast to existing structure, this structure includes the block of solution of conflicts among production rules. This block with blocks of logical output and calculation forms one big block. Advantage of such method is that solution of conflicts among rules takes place in the process of logical output. Therefore, process of making effective decisions is faster. Classification-JEL: C65, C67 Keywords: expert system, power system, technologist, production rules Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 157-167 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/170/162 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:4:y:2010:i:2:p:157-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon Appolloni Author-Email: simon.appolloni@utoronto.ca Author-Workplace-Name: University of Toronto Title: "Repugnant", "Not Repugnant at All": How the Respective Epistemic Attitudes of Georges Lemaitre and Sir Arthur Eddington Influenced How Each Approached the Idea of a Beginning of the Universe Abstract: This paper investigates how the different epistemic attitudes held by scientists George Lemaître and Sir Arthur Eddington decidedly influenced how they conducted their research on cosmology. It demonstrates the degree to which epistemic attitudes matter in scientific research. Though both scientists were Christian, a belief in God or in biblically inspired narratives does not explain satisfactorily why these two Christians remained at such opposite ends of thinking with regard to the idea of a beginning of a universe, especially considering Lemaître and Eddington each put forth his case in a scientific manner. The paper finds that had both entered into a dialogue on each other's epistemic attitude, a great amount of needless energy spent on arguing might have avoided. Classification-JEL: C99 Keywords: epistemology, science, religion Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 19-44 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/180/175 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:1:p:19-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fouad MAMI Author-Email: fouad.english2010@Gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Adrar Title: Identity in Africa: A Philosophical Perspective Abstract: Tradition and modernity has been almost always treated as two diametrically-opposed components of African identity. This study illustrates that contrary to this widely disseminated belief, tradition and modernity are two cronies that are simultaneously counterproductive and coercive for African communities. For when closely examined, tradition and modernity cannot foster any viable notion of self and identity. Through our discussion of the role of tradition and the interplay of negative tradition with deplete cultures, it becomes fairly evident that the poor performance of African communities in matters related to development can be answerable when shedding light on the interconnection between European modernity and African archaic traditions. The colonial legacy, the context within which European modernity and African traditions met, according to this study, should not be overlooked for any forward-looking perspective. Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Africa, modernity, tradition, colonial Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 65-82 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/186/177 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:1:p:65-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Murman Kutelia Author-Email: murmank@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: G. Tsereteli Institute of Oriental Studies of Ilia State University Title: Egyptian Enlightener Rifa‛a at-Tahtawi Abstract: From the 19th c. in Arab countries, first of all, in Egypt, Syria and Lebanon, the political, economic and cultural life begins to revive, which is known as the Revival (the "Nahda"). In this process enlighteners played the crucial role. The aim of the present article is to focus attention on several questions of the world outlook of Rifa‛a at-Tahtawi, the first Egyptian enlightener, in particular, his interpretation of the notions of "homeland" and "nation" and his views on the relationship between the West and the East, on the organization forms of states and societies. In order to demonstrate the question, a brief overview of the viewpoint of the enlighteners (al-Afgani, Abdo, Adib Ishaq, Mustafa Kamil, Farah Antuni, Lufti as-Saidi) and at-Tahtawi is offered. The article also deals with at-Tahtawi's views on problems of women's emancipation, his attitude towards the questions of upbringing and education. In addition, attention is devoted to his views on the notions of "lawfulness", "freedom", "equality", "justice", etc.). At-Tahtawi was the first among the Arabs, if not among the Egyptians, who turned the notion of "citizen" into an object of public discussion and defined the status of "citizen". The study of these questions leads to the conclusion that at-Tahtawi supports the successful achievements and reasonable synthesis of Western and Eastern civilizations, that European science and in general European civilization do not contradict Islam and the Koran. Furthermore, he considers that in his contemporary Europe, France in particular, there develops such a form of the society organization which has long since been known and acceptable to Islam. Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Enlightener, Rifa‛a at-Tahtawi, homeland, Western and Earstern civilizations Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 83-92 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/188/179 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:1:p:83-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tamar Aslanishvili Author-Email: aslanishvilit@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Telavi State University Title: How should be speaking assessed Abstract: The ever-growing need for good communication skills in English has created a huge demand for English teaching around the world. Millions of people today want to improve their command of English. In the article is discussed the problems and barriers which are very often met in the speaking process and the ways of assessing the communication process properly. Setting and marking a written test of grammar is relatively easy and time-effective. A test of speaking, on the other hand, is not. There are discussed very interesting and essential types of assessing: interviews, live monologues and recorded monologues, are shown their advantages and disadvantages as well. The author touches the problems of error and mistake correction and shows the way to the well organized exam. Analyzing what errors have been made clarifies exactly what the students have reached and helps to set the syllabus for future language work. In dealing with errors, teachers have looked for correction techniques that, rather than simply giving students the answer on a plate helps them to make their own correction. This may raise their own awareness about the language they are using. All the above mentioned types of assessing were experimented at Telavi State University on the freshman and sophomore students, who study the General English Course. In the article is also described the evaluation system which exists at Telavi state university and ways of verification of this system according to the teacher's desire. After experiment are gained very interesting results, which gives us the possibility to plan the learning process properly and our university students will get the appropriate learning outcomes which is given in the foreign language teaching curriculum. Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: assessing, evaluation system, interviews, error correction Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 101-109 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/191/180 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:1:p:101-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cicero I Limberea Author-Email: ciceroLimberea@msn.com Author-Workplace-Name: "A.I. Cuza" University Title: Evaluating, taxing and insuring agricultural enterprises Abstract: By analyzing the pros and cons of the US farms taxation methodologies, this paper aims to advise that best practice of taxing farms in transition economies would be consistent with a multiple of cash flow valuation approaches and suggests that a liquid market for agricultural insurance can be created in emerging economies as it provides a methodology for valuation of drought insurance contracts. As such recent drought and flood damages in such countries could have been reimbursed privately. Classification-JEL: H21, Q12, Q14 Keywords: evaluation, taxing, insurrance, agriculture, US farms Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 45-56 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/189/173 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:1:p:45-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harun Chimke Author-Email: naci_hadi@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Expression of preverbal forms in the Georgian and foreign languages Abstract: In the following work we are going to examine the peculiarities of Georgian verb and its diversity in connection with functional variety along with polypersonalism. The work is of a comparative character and is basically focused on the following issue: how the diverse semantic nuances of Georgian preverbs are expressed in other languages, among them in Turkish. The nuanses of Georgian preverbs are being compared to other Caucasian Languages like Armenian as well as non-Caucasian ones such as Russian, English e.t.c. while emphasizing the similarities between Georgian and Russian preverbs as they fulfill two functions: lexical and grammatical. The following functions of Georgian proverbs are defined in the following manner: 1. denoting a direction of an action, 2. bringing different conceptual nuances in contents of an action and 3. Origination of a new lexical entry. Also, the nuance of the Georgian proverb of expressing different tenses is being emphasized in comparison with English verbs. As mentioned above, Georgian polypersonal proverbs and their peculiarities are being compared with Turkish verb which is monopersonal. The emphasis is made on a fact that in Turkish dictionaries verbs are given as masdars, and only their explanation are given, while in Georgian a lot of factors influence on the meaning of a word: preverbs and version markers in certain cases change the meaning of a word. Accordingly, the examination of grammatical-semantic meanings of the Georgian proverbs gains importance while being translated inot other languages. Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Georgian proverbs, polypersonal proverbs, functional variety, Turkish monopersonal verbs Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 93-100 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/194/178 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:1:p:93-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ilyas Ustunyer Author-Email: ilyasustunyer@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: "Readings" of N. V. Gogol`s Compassion by Turkish Novelist Alev Alatli Abstract: As a result of the evolutions one of the founding fathers of the 19th century Russian literature Nikolay Vasilyevich Gogol experienced in his thought, 'a few Gogol views' have been formed in the history of Russian literature according to both Western specialists and native Russian researchers. As Gogol is known more for his contribution to critical realism in Russian literature, the deep and vast allusions to layers of meaning in the plots of his works under the influence of despotism at that period make Gogol's works today much more valuable. N. V. Gogol's allusions of 'vastness and deepness' had quite different reflections on man's search for his interpretation and reading, and this difference has been keeping on widening his great diversity of understanding. Alev Alatlı shared the Gogol's readings with her readers in the novel Not Enlightenment, Compassion! / Aydınlanma Değil, Merhamet! with its unique plot and style, the first book of this series consisting of four volumes whose main title Following Gogol/Gogol'ün İzinden' is given by her in the year 2003. In the novel the title 'Compassion' is preferred to 'Enlightenment', in pursuit of Gogol's readings after 151 years of his death by Alev Alatlı, a highly cultured intellectual; her perceptions of him and the actions triggered by this perceptions is the purpose of this presentation on the basis of the aforementioned work. Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Origins of Gogol’s compassion, its perception by Russian writers of that time, "Readings" of N. V. Gogol’s Compassion by Alev Alatlı based on cultural diversities Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 5-18 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/195/176 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:1:p:5-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Maria Moraru Author-Email: M_annemarrie@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Craiova Author-Name: Ileana Anca Dusca Author-Email: ancadusca@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Craiova Title: Is the Bucharest Convention on the protection of the Black Sea against pollution still a matter of general concern? Has it reached its purpose? Abstract: If one takes into account the challenges that the Black Sea faces - eutrophication, chemical pollution, threats to biodiversity and dramatic reduction of living marine resources, mainly due to the inappropriate conservation measures regarding the fishing areas at the maritime basis - the question that arises is whether we can assert -after 20 years of application - that the Bucharest Convention on the protection of the Black Sea against pollution is still useful, that it has reached its purpose. The question is favored by the fact that the European Union seems more and more concerned with cooperation in the area, which also results from the former Communication of the Commission "Black Sea Synergy - a New Regional Cooperation Initiative", COM(2007)160. Classification-JEL: Q53,Q58 Keywords: chemical pollution, threats to biodiversity Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 57-64 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/197/174 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:1:p:57-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aygul Isayeva Author-Email: isayevaaygul2003@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: The role of the advertising agency: Standardization/Adaptation Abstract: In this article the role of advertising agency in global marketing strategy has been examined. The developed matrix examines the contingencies that influence the success of the company’s global advertising strategy. This research reviews how the company, as the principal, may determine the nature of its relationship with the advertising agency and the degree of adaptation vs. standardization necessary in each situation. Classification-JEL: M37 Keywords: advertising agency, adaptation, standardization Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 5-12 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/204/195 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:2:p:5-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmet Sekreter Author-Email: asekreter@ibsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Sharing of Risks in Islamic Finance Abstract: For most of the people the prohibition on interest is the well known part of Islamic finance. Indeed, the concept of Islamic finance was not being discussed enough till financial crisis, after crisis it started to be seen as an alternative financial system for conventional finance. Sharing the risks is the main concept of Islamic finance and one of the main differences between conventional and Islamic finance. Depositors/savers do not bear any risk in conventional finance however Islamic finance has another solution which is called PLS (profit-loss sharing). Risks and profits between the parties involved in any financial transaction are shared by both financial institutions and depositors/savers with a pre-decided ratio. Classification-JEL: G20, G21 Keywords: Islamic Finance, Conventional Finance, PLS Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 13-20 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/199/196 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:2:p:13-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seyed Emad Emadi Author-Email: eemadi@ibsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Hameed Nezhad Author-Email: nezhad@aol.com Author-Workplace-Name: Metropolitan State University Title: Energy market for Caspian Sea oil and its supply Abstract: The Caspian Sea countries present growing importance in the global energy market. The largest energy producers in the region are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. In recognition of the growing importance of Caspian countries in the global energy market, this article takes a look at the internal energy markets in the region and its oil and gas supply potential. The largest energy producers in the region are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. The region has significantly expanded its oil and gas exports to international markets since the beginning of the 1990s and Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan all have the potential to increase hydrocarbon production in the coming years. The increases in output so far have been associated with, and encouraged by, an emerging diversity of export routes and markets. The big question for the Caspian region countries is how to sell their oil and gas. Their large neighbor, Russia, has lots of oil and gas of its own, plus an extensive pipeline network to move that oil and gas. Russia’s Gazprom gas monopoly therefore does not need Turkmenistan’s gas for the Russian market nor for re-export from Russia. Classification-JEL: Q34, Q47 Keywords: AHP, EIA, Supply chain, System Dynamics, Structure® and Decide 2000®, Swap Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 21-34 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/206/197 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:2:p:21-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giuli Alasania Author-Email: giuli_alasania@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Author-Name: Nani Gelovani Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Title: Islam and Religious Education in Turkey Abstract: Modern Turkey – a member of NATO and a candidate for membership in the European Union - continues to struggle to find an appropriate balance between religion and state. Turkey offers an excellent case study for those seeking answers to the following questions: Can Islam and democracy coexist? Is Turkey a secular state, is religion separated from the state in Turkey - as it is said in its Constitution: "The Turkish State is a Republic" and is it "a democratic, secular and social state governed by the rule of law ..." (1-2 Articles, Constitution of Turkiye). Is everybody equal before the law in terms of access to education and labor market, as it is said in the Constitution: "All individuals are equal without any discrimination before the law, irrespective of language, race, color, sex, political opinion, philosophical belief, religion and sect, or any such considerations?"(10 Article, Constitution of Turkiye). Since the establishment of the Republic in 1923, one of the most controversial and debated issues in Turkey has been the question of religious education. The issue is still topical. The present paper considers teaching religion in Turkey in 3 chronological periods: from 1923 up to1982; from 1982 to 1995 and from 1995 to 2009. A historic survey is also introduced. Classification-JEL: I20 Keywords: Islam, Turkey, Education Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 35-50 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/207/198 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:2:p:35-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: İlyas Üstunyer Author-Email: ilyasustunyer@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: M. Y. Lermontov’s Turkish Master Mirza Fet’ali Ahunzâde/Ahundov’s Literary Proceedings in Tbilisi Abstract: In this article is traced Azerbaijani writer, poet, dramatist Mirza Fet’ali Ahundzâde/Ahundov’s literary activities held by him in Tbilisi with his Georgian, Russian (particularly with M. Y. Lermontov), and Armenian counterparts. Besides, the article focuses on literary environment of Tbilisi of that time, the plots of Ahundzâde/Ahundov’s some literary works written in his Tbilisi stay in terms of multiculturalism, world-view, perception of 'other'...etc. Classification-JEL: I20, I29 Keywords: Mirza Fet’ali Ahundzâde/Ahundov, literary activities in Tbilisi, meeting with Lermontov, Ahundz’de/Ahundov as a Lermontov’s Turkish master Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 51-60 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/178/199 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:2:p:51-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ekaterine Pipia Author-Email: ekapipia@ibsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Study of applicability of American experience of dual language instruction in Georgian Schools Abstract: My following research reports on a study that addresses the question: Is dual language educational approach that is currently used in USA a viable means of instructing Second Language in Georgia? The purpose of this study was to examine Georgian parents' perceptions of bilingual education and to investigate their views on bilingual education. It also examined how minorities would evaluate the future implementation of dual language instructions in Georgian schools. The research revealed that immersion programs are the best possible programs for language minority children in Georgia and has highlighted the minority parents’ positions and the importance of dual language school programs for minority children. The parents viewed these programs as an impressive educational tool for their children and expressed their desire for these programs to be established in Georgia. Classification-JEL: I20, I29 Keywords: dual language education, immersion programs, minorities, parental involvement Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 61-70 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/198/200 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:2:p:61-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ulan Dakeev Author-Email: silfgenson@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Northern Iowa Title: Management of Wind Power Generation with the Attachment of Wind Tunnel Abstract: This study presents a new approach in which a wind tunnel apparatus is used to identify the efficiency of power output by a wind turbine with a 400W rating. Moreover, the study addresses a significant issue concerning the turbulence formed by a natural wind which can be eliminated or reduced with the use of the proposed wind tunnel. Wind power characteristics that indicate power output versus wind velocity are obtained by performing a number of case studies. The case studies include normal operation of the experimental wind turbine at variable wind velocity values with and without proposed wind tunnel. A certain level of turbulence is formed and the wind turbine power output is measured and recorded for a number of cases. The statistical t-Test and ANOVA analyses showed that the suggested approach could be useful for wind turbine manufacturers to evaluate the degree that contributes to the variability of renewable energy production. Besides, the results may be helpful to support educational institutions in providing renewable energy awareness in Iowa and in the US by providing adequate information for the selection and handling of the parameters that control the variability of the energy needs. Classification-JEL: C61, C93, Q29 Keywords: Wind Turbines, Wind Tunnels, Renewable Energy, Engineering, Wind Energy, Energy Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 71-82 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/201/201 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:2:p:71-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irina Milnikova Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Georgian Technical University Title: Basic Procedures of Statistical Quality Control in Education Abstract: General conceptions of quality management in education are discussed. It is shown that to make decisions of quality control more reliable and objective quantitative evaluation approaches should be used. The approach should be consisting of two stages: 1. elaboration of unitary scaling systems for student’s grades and 2. clear definition of quality standards. The first stage can be realized by means of equating methodology, particularly by means of equipercentile equating whereas the second one – by means of methodology of contingency tables. The methods allow: 1.comparing of distributions of grades of different subjects in different times and 2. on the base of historical (for the given educational institution) teaching level data specifying quality standards and their confidence levels. Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: statistical quality control, scaling, quality standards, equipercentile equating, contingency tables Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 83-92 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/208/202 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:2:p:83-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irina Milnikova Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: Georgian Technical University Author-Name: Tamara Shioshvili Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: International Black Sea University Title: Quantitative Methods for Teaching Review Abstract: A new method of quantitative evaluation of teaching processes is elaborated. On the base of scores data, the method permits to evaluate efficiency of teaching within one group of students and comparative teaching efficiency in two or more groups. As basic characteristics of teaching efficiency heterogeneity, stability and total variability indices both for only one group and for comparing different groups are used. The method is easy to use and permits to rank results of teaching review which is the one of the most important parts of general quality control in education. Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: teaching review, heterogeneity, stability and total variability indices, sums of squares, means of squares, degrees of freedom Journal: IBSU Scientific Journal Pages: 93-102 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 File-URL: https://journal.ibsu.edu.ge/index.php/ibsusj/article/download/209/203 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:ibl:journl:v:5:y:2011:i:2:p:93-102